sap fico online training by certified and real time consultant: primary cost element categories

sap fico online training by certified and real time consultant: primary cost element categories: PRIMARY COST ELEMENT CATEGORIES: There are two main types of the primary cost element categories: 1.        Cost related element...

primary cost element categories

PRIMARY COST ELEMENT CATEGORIES:

There are two main types of the primary cost element categories:

1.       Cost related element: The cost element represents the all Fl expenditure GL accounts except the WIP and production variance GL accounts

a.     01 (primary cost element): It is used for all expenditure GL accounts other than
work in progress, production variances and sales expenditure related GL accounts
(which is directly involved in the billing, that means those sales expenses GL
accounts directly involved in billing)

b.     12 (sales deductions): It is used for sales expenditure related GL accounts, that
means those expenditure directly involved in the billing need to create CE with
categoryl2, those sales expenses G/L accounts is linked in the FISD integration
(VKOA settings) The main purpose of the cost element category 12 is only used to
get or update the cost in the profitability analysis module, by using cost element
category 01 we can't transfer from SD to COPA. (The system recognizes the revenue
and associated sales expenditure, i.e. like sales discount, rebate, and sales
commission with respect to the market segment in COPA. Market segment means it
may be a customer, product, customer group, product group, region, SBU or
combination or etc.)

c.     22 (external settlement): especially for transferring internal order cost to the
financial accounting and also internal order/Order to other cost objects. It is used for
transferring the cost from CO to Fl i.e. the cost transferred from the internal order to
the AUC (asset under construction) asset or normal asset or GL accounts. Ex: RD
costs (normally settled to GL account), construction of building (settled to either
AUC or asset). When we want to transfer deferred revenue expenditure (RD
expenditure) which is going to be capitalized as asset and write off for future years

2. Revenue related element: The revenue element represents all Fl income related GL accounts

a.   11 (revenue element): It is used for all income related GL accounts, or sales related GL accounts.

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TCodes in SAP FI

F-01    Enter Sample Document
F-02    Enter G/L Account Posting
F-03    Clear G/L Account
F-04    Post with Clearing
F-05    Post Foreign Currency Valuation
F-06    Post Incoming Payments
F-07    Post Outgoing Payments
F-18    Payment with Printout
F-19    Reverse Statistical Posting
F-20    Reverse Bill Liability
F-21    Enter Transfer Posting
F-22    Enter Customer Invoice
F-23    Return Bill of Exchange Pmt Request
F-25    Reverse Check/Bill of Exch.
F-26    Incoming Payments Fast Entry
F-27    Enter Customer Credit Memo
F-28    Post Incoming Payments
F-29    Post Customer Down Payment
F-30    Post with Clearing
F-31    Post Outgoing Payments
F-32    Clear Customer
F-33    Post Bill of Exchange Usage
F-34    Post Collection
F-35    Post Forfaiting
F-36    Bill of Exchange Payment
F-37    Customer Down Payment Request
F-38    Enter Statistical Posting
F-39    Clear Customer Down Payment
F-40    Bill of Exchange Payment
F-41    Enter Vendor Credit Memo
F-42    Enter Transfer Posting
F-43    Enter Vendor Invoice
F-44    Clear Vendor
F-46    Reverse Refinancing Acceptance
F-47    Down Payment Request
F-48    Post Vendor Down Payment
F-49    Customer Noted Item
F-51    Post with Clearing
F-52    Post Incoming Payments
F-53    Post Outgoing Payments
F-54    Clear Vendor Down Payment
F-55    Enter Statistical Posting
F-56    Reverse Statistical Posting
F-57    Vendor Noted Item
F-58    Payment with Printout
F-59    Payment Request
F-60    Maintain Table: Posting Periods
F-62    Maintain Table: Exchange Rates
F-63    Park Vendor Invoice
F-64    Park Customer Invoice
F-65    Preliminary Posting
F-66    Park Vendor Credit Memo
F-67    Park Customer Credit Memo
F-90    Acquisition from purchase w. vendor
F-91    Asset acquis. to clearing account
F-92    Asset Retire. frm Sale w/ Customer
F.01    ABAP/4 Report: Balance Sheet
F.02    Compact Journal
F.03    Reconciliation
F.04    G/L: Create Foreign Trade Report
F.05    Foreign Currency Val.: Open Items
F.06    Foreign Currency Valuation:G/L Assts
F.07    G/L: Balance Carried Forward
F.08    G/L: Account Balances
F.09    G/L: Account List
F.0A    G/L: FTR Report on Disk
F.0B    G/L: Create Z2 to Z4
F.10    G/L: Chart of Accounts
F.11    G/L: General Ledger from Doc.File
F.12    Advance Tax Return
F.13    ABAP/4 Report: Automatic Clearing
F.14    ABAP/4 Report: Recurring Entries
F.15    ABAP/4 Report: List Recurr.Entries
F.16    ABAP/4 Report: G/L Bal.Carried Fwd
F.17    ABAP/4 Report: Cust.Bal.Confirmation
F.18    ABAP/4 Report: Vend.Bal.Confirmation
F.19    G/L: Goods/Invoice Received Clearing
F.1A    Customer/Vendor Statistics
F.1B    Head Office and Branch Index
F.20    A/R: Account List
F.21    A/R: Open Items
F.22    A/R: Open Item Sorted List
F.23    A/R: Account Balances
F.24    A/R: Interest for Days Overdue
F.25    Bill of Exchange List
F.26    A/R: Balance Interest Calculation
F.27    A/R: Periodic Account Statements
F.28    Customers: Reset Credit Limit
F.29    A/R: Set Up Info System 1
F.2A    Calc.cust.int.on arr.: Post (w/o OI)
F.2B    Calc.cust.int.on arr.: Post(with OI)
F.2C    Calc.cust.int.on arr.: w/o postings
F.2D    Customrs: FI-SD mast.data comparison
F.2E    Reconciliation Btwn Affiliated Comps
F.2F    Management Acct Group Reconciliation
F.2G    Create Account Group Reconcil. G/L
F.30    A/R: Evaluate Info System
F.31    Credit Management - Overview
F.32    Credit Management - Missing Data
F.33    Credit Management - Brief Overview
F.34    Credit Management - Mass Change
F.35    Credit Master Sheet
F.36    Adv.Ret.on Sls/Pur.Form Printout(DE)
F.37    Adv.rept.tx sls/purch.form print (BE
F.38    Transfer Posting of Deferred Tax
F.39    C FI Maint. table T042Z (BillExcTyp)
F.40    A/P: Account List
F.41    A/P: Open Items
F.42    A/P: Account Balances
F.44    A/P: Balance Interest Calculation
F.45    A/P: Set Up Info System 1
F.46    A/P: Evaluate Info System
F.47    Vendors: calc.of interest on arrears
F.48    Vendors: FI-MM mast.data comparison
F.4A    Calc.vend.int.on arr.: Post (w/o OI)
F.4B    Calc.vend.int.on arr.: Post(with OI)
F.4C    Calc.vend.int.on arr.: w/o postings
F.50    G/L: Profitability Segment Adjustmnt
F.51    G/L: Open Items
F.52    G/L: Acct Bal.Interest Calculation
F.53    G/L: Account Assignment Manual
F.54    G/L: Structured Account Balances
F.56    Delete Recurring Document
F.57    G/L: Delete Sample Documents
F.58    OI Bal.Audit Trail: fr.Document File
F.59    Accum.Clas.Aud.Trail: Create Extract
F.5A    Accum.Clas.Aud.Trail: Eval.Extract
F.5B    Accum.OI Aud.Trail: Create Extract
F.5C    Accum.OI Audit Trail: Display Extr.
F.5D    G/L: Update Bal. Sheet Adjustment
F.5E    G/L: Post Balance Sheet Adjustment
F.5F    G/L: Balance Sheet Adjustment Log
F.5G    G/L: Subseq.Adjustment(BA/PC) Sp.ErA
F.5I    G/L: Adv.Rep.f.Tx on Sls/Purch.w.Jur
F.61    Correspondence: Print Requests
F.62    Correspondence: Print Int.Documents
F.63    Correspondence: Delete Requests
F.64    Correspondence: Maintain Requests
F.65    Correspondence: Print Letters (Cust)
F.66    Correspondence: Print Letters (Vend)
F.70    Bill/Exchange Pmnt Request Dunning
F.71    DME with Disk: B/Excha. Presentation
F.75    Extended Bill/Exchange Information
F.77    C FI Maintain Table T045D
F.78    C FI Maintain Table T045B
F.79    C FI Maintain Table T045G
F.80    Mass Reversal of Documents
F.81    Reverse Posting for Accr./Defer.Docs
F.90    C FI Maintain Table T045F
F.91    C FI Maintain Table T045L
F.92    C FI Maintain T012K (Bill/Exch.)
F.93    Maintain Bill Liability and Rem.Risk
F.97    General Ledger: Report Selection
F.98    Vendors: Report Selection
F.99    Customers: Report Selection
F/LA    Create Pricing Report
F/LB    Change pricing reports
F/LC    Display pricing reports
F/LD    Execute pricing reports
F00     SAPoffice: Short Message
F000    Accounting
F010    ABAP/4 Reporting: Fiscal Year Change
F01N    Debit position RA single reversal
F01O    Vacancy RU single reversal
F01P    Accruals/deferrals single reversal
F01Q    Debit position MC single reversal
F01R    MC settlement single reversal
F01S    Reverse Periodic Posting
F01T    Reverse Acc./Def. General Contract
F040    Reorganization
F041    Bank Master Data Archiving
F042    G/L Accounts Archiving
F043    Customer Archiving
F044    Vendor Archiving
F045    Document Archiving
F046    Transaction Figures Archiving
F101    ABAP/4 Reporting: Balance Sheet Adj.
F103    ABAP/4 Reporting: Transfer Receivbls
F104    ABAP/4 Reporting: Receivbls Provisn
F107    FI Valuation Run
F110    Parameters for Automatic Payment
F111    Parameters for Payment of PRequest
F13E    ABAP/4 Report: Automatic Clearing
F150    Dunning Run
F48A    Document Archiving
F53A    Archiving of G/L Accounts
F53V    Management of G/L Account Archives
F56A    Customer Archiving
F58A    Archiving of Vendors
F61A    Bank archiving
F64A    Transaction Figure Archiving
F66A    Archiving of Bank Data Storage
F8+0    Display FI Main Role Definition
F8+1    Maintain FI Main Role Definition
F8+2    Display FI Amount Groups
F8+3    Maintain FI Amount Groups
F8B4    C FI Maintain Table TBKDC
F8B6N   C FI Maintain Table TBKPV
F8BC    C FI Maintain Table TBKFK
F8BF    C FI Maintain Table T042Y
F8BG    Maintain Global Data for F111
F8BH    Inconsistencies T042I and T042Y
F8BJ    Maintain Clearing Accts (Rec.Bank)
F8BK    Maintain ALE-Compatible Pmnt Methods
F8BM    Maintain numb.range: Payment request
F8BN    Corr.Acctg Documents Payment Block
F8BO    Payment request archiving
F8BR    Levels for Payment Requests
F8BS    Detail display of payment requests
F8BT    Display Payment Requests
F8BU    Create payment runs automatically
F8BV    Reversal of Bank-to-Bank Transfers
F8BW    Reset Cleared Items: Payt Requests
F8BZ    F111 Customizing
F8XX    Payment Request No. Ranges KI3-F8BM
FA39    Call up report with report variant
FAKA    Config.: Show Display Format
FAKP    Config.: Maintain Display Format
FAR1    S FI-ARI Maint. table T061A
FARA    S FI-ARI Maint. table T061P/Q
FARB    C FI-ARI Maint. table T061R
FARI    AR Interface: Third-party applicatns
FARY    Table T061S
FARZ    Table T061V
FAX1    BC sample SAP DE 2.1
FAX2    BC sample 2 SAP DE 2.1
FB00    Accounting Editing Options
FB01    Post Document
FB02    Change Document
FB03    Display Document
FB03Z   Display Document/Payment Usage
FB04    Document Changes
FB05    Post with Clearing
FB05_OLD Post with clearing
FB07    Control Totals
FB08    Reverse Document
FB09    Change Line Items
FB10    Invoice/Credit Fast Entry
FB11    Post Held Document
FB12    Request from Correspondence
FB13    Release for Payments
FB1D    Clear Customer
FB1K    Clear Vendor
FB1S    Clear G/L Account
FB21    Enter Statistical Posting
FB22    Reverse Statistical Posting
FB31    Enter Noted Item
FB41    Post Tax Payable
FB50    G/L Acct Pstg: Single Screen Trans.
FB60    Enter Incoming Invoices
FB65    Enter Incoming Credit Memos
FB70    Enter Outgoing Invoices
FB75    Enter Outgoing Credit Memos
FB99    Check if Documents can be Archived
FBA1    Customer Down Payment Request
FBA2    Post Customer Down Payment
FBA3    Clear Customer Down Payment
FBA6    Vendor Down Payment Request
FBA7    Post Vendor Down Payment
FBA7_OLD Post Vendor Down Payment
FBA8     Clear Vendor Down Payment
FBA8_OLD Clear Vendor Down Payment
FBB1    Post Foreign Currency Valn
FBBA    Display Acct Determination Config.
FBBP    Maintain Acct Determination Config.
FBCJ    Cash Journal
FBCJC0  C FI Maintain Tables TCJ_C_JOURNALS
FBCJC1  Cash Journal Document Number Range
FBCJC2  C FI Maint. Tables TCJ_TRANSACTIONS
FBCJC3  C FI Maintain Tables TCJ_PRINT
FBCOPY  Copy Function Module
FBD1    Enter Recurring Entry
FBD2    Change Recurring Entry
FBD3    Display Recurring Entry
FBD4    Display Recurring Entry Changes
FBD5    Realize Recurring Entry
FBD9    Enter Recurring Entry
FBDF    Menu Banque de France
FBE1    Create Payment Advice
FBE2    Change Payment Advice
FBE3    Display Payment Advice
FBE6    Delete Payment Advice
FBE7    Add to Payment Advice Account
FBF1    C80 Reporting Minus Sp.G/L Ind.
FBF2    Financial Transactions
FBF3    Control Report
FBF4    Download Documents
FBF5    Reports Minus Vendor Accounts
FBF6    Document Changes
FBF7    C80 Reports Minus Sp.G/L Ind.
FBF8    C84 Reports
FBFT    Customizing BDF
FBIPU   Maintain bank chains for partner
FBKA    Display Accounting Configuration
FBKF    FBKP/Carry Out Function (Internal)
FBKP    Maintain Accounting Configuration
FBL1    Display Vendor Line Items
FBL1N   Vendor Line Items
FBL2    Change Vendor Line Items
FBL2N   Vendor Line Items
FBL3    Display G/L Account Line Items
FBL3N   G/L Account Line Items
FBL4    Change G/L Account Line Items
FBL4N   G/L Account Line Items
FBL5    Display Customer Line Items
FBL5N   Customer Line Items
FBL6    Change Customer Line Items
FBL6N   Customer Line Items
FBM1    Enter Sample Document
FBM2    Change Sample Document
FBM3    Display Sample Document
FBM4    Display Sample Document Changes
FBMA    Display Dunning Procedure
FBME    Banks
FBMP    Maintain Dunning Procedure
FBN1    Accounting Document Number Ranges
FBN2    Number Range Maintenance: FI_PYORD
FBP1    Enter Payment Request
FBR1    Post with Reference Document
FBR2    Post Document
FBRA    Reset Cleared Items
FBRC    Reset Cleared Items (Payment Cards)
FBS1    Enter Accrual/Deferral Doc.
FBTA    Display Text Determin.Configuration
FBTP    Maintain Text Determin.Configuration
FBU2    Change Intercompany Document
FBU3    Display Intercompany Document
FBU8    Reverse Cross-Company Code Document
FBV0    Post Parked Document
FBV1    Park Document
FBV2    Change Parked Document
FBV3    Display Parked Document
FBV4    Change Parked Document (Header)
FBV5    Document Changes of Parked Documents
FBV6    Parked Document $
FBVB    Post Parked Document
FBW1    Enter Bill of Exchange Pmnt Request
FBW2    Post Bill of Exch.acc.to Pmt Request
FBW3    Post Bill of Exchange Usage
FBW4    Reverse Bill Liability
FBW5    Customer Check/Bill of Exchange
FBW6    Vendor Check/Bill of Exchange
FBW7    Bank file to file system (for FBWD)
FBW8    File to Bank (for Transaction FBWD)
FBW9    C FI Maintain Table T045DTA
FBWA    C FI Maintain Table T046a
FBWD    Returned Bills of Exchange Payable
FBWD2   Parameter Transaction for FBWD
FBWE    Bill/Exch.Presentatn - International
FBWQ    C FI Maintain Table T045T
FBWR    C FI Maintain Table T045W
FBWS    C FI Maintain Table T046s
FBZ0    Display/Edit Payment Proposal
FBZ1    Post Incoming Payments
FBZ2    Post Outgoing Payments
FBZ3    Incoming Payments Fast Entry
FBZ4    Payment with Printout
FBZ5    Print Check For Payment Document
FBZ8    Display Payment Run
FBZA    Display Pmnt Program Configuration
FBZG    Failed Customer Payments
FBZP    Maintain Pmnt Program Configuration
FC10    Financial Statements Comparison
FC11    Data Extract for FI Transfer
FC80    Document C80
FC82    Document C82
FCAA    Check Archiving
FCC1    Payment Cards: Settlement
FCC2    Payment Cards: Repeat Settlement
FCC3    Payment Cards: Delete Logs
FCC4    Payment Cards: Display Logs
FCCR    Payment Card Evaluations
FCH1    Display Check Information
FCH2    Display Payment Document Checks
FCH3    Void Checks
FCH4    Renumber Checks
FCH5    Create Check Information
FCH6    Change Check Information/Cash Check
FCH7    Reprint Check
FCH8    Reverse Check Payment
FCH9    Void Issued Check
FCHA    Check archiving
FCHB    Check retrieval
FCHD    Delete Payment Run Check Information
FCHE    Delete Voided Checks
FCHF    Delete Manual Checks
FCHG    Delete cashing/extract data
FCHI    Check Lots
FCHK    Check Tracing Initial Menu
FCHN    Check Register
FCHR    Online Cashed Checks
FCHT    Change check/payment allocation
FCHU    Create Reference for Check
FCHV    C FI Maintain Table TVOID
FCHX    Check Extract - Creation
FCIWCU  BW Customizing for CS
FCIWD00 Download InfoObject text
FCIWD10 Download InfoObject hierarchies
FCKR    International cashed checks
FCMM    C FI Preparations for consolidation
FCMN    FI Initial Consolidation Menu
FCV1    Create A/R Summary
FCV2    Delete A/R Summary
FCV3    Early Warning List
FC_BW_BEX       Business Explorer Analyser
FC_BW_RSA1      BW Administrator Workbench
FC_BW_RSZDELETE Delete BW Query Objects
FC_BW_RSZV      Maintain BW Variables
FD-1    Number range maintenance: FVVD_RANL
FD01    Create Customer (Accounting)
FD02    Change Customer (Accounting)
FD02CORE Maintain customer
FD03    Display Customer (Accounting)
FD04    Customer Changes (Accounting)
FD05    Block Customer (Accounting)
FD06    Mark Customer for Deletion (Acctng)
FD08    Confirm Customer Individually(Actng)
FD09    Confirm Customer List (Accounting)
FD10    Customer Account Balance
FD10N   Customer Balance Display
FD10NA  Customer Bal. Display with Worklist
FD11    Customer Account Analysis
FD15    Transfer customer changes: send
FD16    Transfer customer changes: receive
FD24    Credit Limit Changes
FD32    Change Customer Credit Management
FD33    Display Customer Credit Management
FD37    Credit Management Mass Change
FDCU    Loans customizing menu
FDFD    Cash Management Implementation Tool
FDI0    Execute Report
FDI1    Create Report
FDI2    Change Report
FDI3    Display Report
FDI4    Create Form
FDI5    Change Form
FDI6    Display Form
FDIB    Background Processing
FDIC    Maintain Currency Translation Type
FDIK    Maintain Key Figures
FDIM    Report Monitor
FDIO    Transport Reports
FDIP    Transport Forms
FDIQ    Import Reports from Client 000
FDIR    Import Forms from Client 000
FDIT    Translation Tool - Drilldown Report
FDIV    Maintain Global Variable
FDIX    Reorganize Drilldown Reports
FDIY    Reorganize Report Data
FDIZ    Reorganize Forms
FDK43   Credit Management - Master Data List
FDMN   
FDOO    Borrower's notes order overview
FDTA    TemSe/REGUT Data Administration
FDTT    Treasury Data Medium Administration
FEBA    Postprocess Electronic Bank Statmt
FEBC    Generate Multicash format
FEBMSG  Display Internet Messages
FEBOAS  Request Account Statement via OFX
FEBOFX  OFX Functions
FEBP    Post Electronic Bank Statement
FEBSTS  Search String Search Simulation
FESR    Importing of POR File (Switzerland)
FEUB    Adjust VIBEPP after EURO conversion
FEUI    Real Estate Implementation Guide
FF$3    Send planning data to central system
FF$4    Retrieve planning data
FF$5    Retrieve transmission results
FF$6    Check settings
FF$7    Check all external systems
FF$A    Maintain TR-CM subsystems
FF$B    Convert Planning Group
FF$C    Convert planning level
FF$D    Convert business areas
FF$L    Display transmission information
FF$S    Display transmission information
FF$X    Configure the central TR-CM system
FF-1    Outstanding Checks
FF-2    Outstanding Bills of Exchange
FF-3    Cash Management Summary Records
FF-4    CMF Data In Accounting Documents
FF-5    CMF Records fr.Materials Management
FF-6    CMF Records from Sales
FF-7    Forecast Item Journal
FF-8    Payment Advice Journal
FF-9    Journal
FF.1    Standard G/L Account Interest Scale
FF.3    G/L Account Cashed Checks
FF.4    Vendor Cashed Checks
FF.5    Import Electronic Bank Statement
FF.6    Display Electronic Bank Statement
FF.7    Payment Advice Comparison
FF.8    Print Payment Orders
FF.9    Post Payment Orders
FF.D    Generate payt req. from advices
FF/1    Compare Bank Terms
FF/2    Compare value date
FF/3    Archive advices from bank statements
FF/4    Import electronic check deposit list
FF/5    Post electronic check deposit list
FF/6    Deposit/loan mgmt analysis/posting
FF/7    Deposit/loan management int accruals
FF/8    Import Bank Statement into Cash Mgmt
FF/9    Compare Advices with Bank Statement
FF63    Create Planning Memo Record
FF65    List of Cash Management Memo Records
FF67    Manual Bank Statement
FF68    Manual Check Deposit Transaction
FF6A    Edit Cash Mgmt Pos Payment Advices
FF6B    Edit liquidity forecast planned item
FF70    Cash Mgmt Posit./Liquidity Forecast
FF71    Cash Position
FF72    Liquidity forecast
FF73    Cash Concentration
FF74    Use Program to Access Cash Concntn
FF7A    Cash Position
FF7B    Liquidity forecast
FF:1    Maintain exchange rates
FFB4    Import electronic check deposit list
FFB5    Post electronic check deposit list
FFL_OLD Display Transmission Information
FFS_OLD Display Transmission Information
FFTL    Telephone list
FFW1    Wire Authorization
FFWR    Post Payment Requests from Advice
FFWR_REQUESTS   Create Payment Requests from Advice
FF_1    Standard G/L Account Interest Scale
FF_3    G/L Account Cashed Checks
FF_4    Vendor Cashed Checks
FF_5    Import Electronic Bank Statement
FF_6    Display Electronic Bank Statement

Introduction to Controlling

Controlling Module in SAP provides supporting information to Management for the purpose of planning, reporting, as well as monitoring the operations of their business. Management decision-making can be achieved with the level of information provided by this module. 

Some of the components of the CO (Controlling) Module are as follows: 

·         Cost Element Accounting

·         Cost Center Accounting

·         Internal Orders

·         Activity-Based Costing (ABC)

·         Product Cost Controlling

·         Profitability Analysis

·         Profit Center Accounting

Cost Element Accounting: component provides information which includes the costs and revenue for an organization. These postings are automatically updated from FI (Financial Accounting) to CO (Controlling). The cost elements are the basis for cost accounting and enable the User the ability to display costs for each of the accounts that have been assigned to the cost element. Examples of accounts that can be assigned are Cost Centers, Internal Orders, WBS(work breakdown structures). 

Cost Center Accounting: provides information on the costs incurred by your business. Within SAP, you have the ability to assign Cost Centers to departments and /or Managers responsible for certain areas of the business as well as functional areas within your organization. Cost Centers can be created for such functional areas as Marketing, Purchasing, Human Resources, Finance, Facilities, Information Systems, Administrative Support, Legal, Shipping/Receiving, or even  Quality. 

Some of the benefits of Cost Center Accounting: (1) Managers can set Budget /Cost Center targets; (2) Cost Center visibility of functional departments/areas of your business; (3) Planning; (4) Availability of Cost allocation methods; and (5) Assessments/Distribution of costs to other cost objects. 

Internal Orders: provide a means of tracking costs of a specific job, service, or task. Internal Orders are used as a method to collect those costs and business transactions related to the task. This level of monitoring can be very detailed but allows management the ability to review Internal Order activity for better-decision making purposes.

Activity-Based Costing: allows a better definition of the source of costs to the process driving the cost. Activity-Based Costing enhances Cost Center Accounting in that it allows for a process-oriented and cross-functional view of your cost centers. It can also be used with Product Costing and Profitability Analysis. 

Product Cost Controlling: allows management the ability to analyze their product costs and to make decisions on the optimal price(s) to market their products. It is within this module of CO (Controlling) that planned, actual and target values are analyzed. Sub-components of the module are: 

·      Product Cost Planning which includes Material Costing( Cost estimates with Quantity structure, Cost estimates without quantity structure, Master data for Mixed Cost Estimates, Production lot Cost Estimates) , Price Updates, and Reference and Simulation Costing. 

·      Cost Object Controlling includes Product Cost by Period, Product Cost by Order, Product Costs by Sales Orders, Intangible Goods and Services, and CRM Service Processes. 

·      Actual Costing/Material Ledger includes Periodic Material valuation, Actual Costing, and Price Changes. 

Profitability Analysis: allows Management the ability to review information with respect to the company’s profit or contribution margin by business segment.  Profitability Analysis can be obtained by the following methods: 

·      Account-Based Analysis which uses an account-based valuation approach. In this analysis, cost and revenue element accounts are used. These accounts can be reconciled with FI(Financial Accounting).

·      Cost-Based Analysis uses a costing based valuation approach as defined by the User. 

Profit Center Accounting: provides visibility of an organization’s profit and losses by profit center. The methods which can be utilized for EC-PCA (Profit Center Accounting) are period accounting or by  the cost-of-sales approach. Profit Centers can be set-up to identify product lines, divisions, geographical regions, offices, production sites or by functions. Profit Centers are used for Internal Control purposes enabling management  the ability to review areas of responsibility within their organization. The difference between a Cost Center and a Profit Center is that the Cost Center represents individual costs incurred during a given period and Profit Centers contain the balances of costs and revenues.

Controlling (CO) and Financial Accounting (FI) are independent components in the SAP system. The data flow between the two components takes place on a regular basis.

The data relevant to cost, flows automatically to Controlling from Financial Accounting. At the same time, the system assigns the costs and revenues to different CO account assignment objects, such as cost centers, business processes, projects or orders. The relevant accounts in Financial Accounting are managed in Controlling as cost elements or revenue elements. This enables you to compare and reconcile the values from Controlling and Financial Accounting.

Define Segment in SAP FICO

Define Segment:

Division of a company for which you can create financial statements for external reporting.

You can enter a segment in the master record of a profit center. The characteristic Segment is only released in combination with the characteristic Profit Center. If no segment is specified manually during posting (only possible for transactions in Financial Accounting), the segment is determined from the master record of the profit center. This profit center can also be assigned manually or derived. If you want to apply different rules to derive the segment during posting, you can define your own rules for this.

IAS requires for segment reporting primary and secondary segmentation, which have different reporting depth. A distinction is made between the following types of segment:

 Business segment

A business segment is a distinguishable subactivity of a company that relates to the manufacture of a product or the provision of a service and that has risks and revenues that differ from those in other business segments.

Geographical segment

A geographical segment is a distinguishable subactivity of a company that relates to the manufacture of a product or the provision of a service within a specific field of business. The risks and revenues of a geographical segment differ from the subactivities in other fields of business.

You can choose which segment type you want to have as the primary or the secondary segmentation. You can use the Segment dimension for the primary segmentation. You can represent the secondary segmentation in your system. You can do this by including a user-defined field Region in your general ledger accounting